The Parisian club has now secured the prestigious trophy on fourteen different times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the showdown featuring the French league winners and the French Cup holders after the French winger opened the net in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side struck two times late to take a surprise lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital leveler in the dying moments to send the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving decisive kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing shootout win.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the last thirteen seasons.